Random shutdowns need a timeline. Kernel-Power Event ID 41 records an unclean shutdown; it does not by itself identify the power supply or another component.
Protect your files first
Back up important files when possible. If the drive is encrypted, locate the BitLocker recovery key before recovery changes. Stop if storage appears to be failing or this is a work or school managed PC.
What to record
Event 41 BugcheckCode, timestamps, heat or load pattern, recent hardware, and whether the shutdown was forced.
The exact message, Windows version, and whether the desktop still opens matter more than a guess based on the symptom name.
Try these safer checks
Compare Event Viewer entries around the same time, inspect the exact bug check if present, and use the PC maker’s diagnostics for the precise model.
Change one thing at a time. After each check, see whether the same symptom returns and write down what changed.
When to stop and get help
Do not keep powering a device with a burnt smell, swollen battery, or intermittent storage detection.
If this is a work or school device, contact its administrator before changing managed settings.
Keep track of your checks
This checklist stays in this browser session. It is not sent to WinErrors.